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- Thames Discovery Programme - Clay Pipes from London
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- The Art and Archaeology of Clay Pipes
Between and , Tippett is also known to have had at least a part share in premises in Broadmead Price , , although it is not known whether the latter, or his premises in Lewins Mead or both were the site of his factory Price , and see also Isaac Evans, above. Robert Tippett III is known to have been running a business as a pipemaker in , when he is known to have taken on an apprentice, but had died by Pipes bearing the Hanoverian coat of arms, similar to that recovered at Wade Street, have been recovered from Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol Jackson b , 95 , from Rosemary Street see above, Jackson and Price , and also from sites elsewhere in southern England, notably London Jackson b , 95 , the latter not necessarily products of the Bristolian maker.
In North America, Robert Tippett pipes are quite commonly found in contexts dating to the mid- to late 18th century, which is surprising, as the last working Robert Tippett II is known to have died in Price Price suggests that it is likely that his daughter and son-in-law would have continued to maintain the business, at least until the latter's death in Price , but it is also possible that there was an as yet unknown Robert Tippett IV, who may have been working in the later 18th century, possibly in partnership with the pipemaker, Israel Carey I Price This may explain the slightly later style of the Robert Tippett pipes recovered from Wade Street, which date stylistically to between c.
a maker, a teacher of making
One possible fragment of this type was recovered from Context , a stem fragment with a very large oval, pedestal heel and truncated bowl. Five bowls of this type were recovered, all relatively upright, straight-sided bowls, one unstratified example bearing the maker's initials, 'RT', either side of the spur heel. A further example from a large deposit of unsmoked pipe fragments to the rear of 26 Wade Street, Context bears the initials 'JW' to either side of the spur heel.
Perhaps surprisingly, the majority of 19th-century pipes were recovered from a single context , a discrete dump of apparently unsmoked pipe fragments, recovered from the corner of a possible cellar, more than likely belonging to the pipe manufacturers, J. Wilkey or the White family, known to have been operating at 26 Wade Street in the mid-late 19th century above. The assemblage from Context includes bowls of Types 23, 26 and 27, dating to the late 18th to the mid-late 19th century, most of which are decorated see Figure 68 , and one of which bears the initials 'JW', the probable mark of James or Joseph White II, or possibly of John Wilkey above.
Both assemblages were dated to the midth century, and are thought to be the products of James or Joseph White. The assemblage also includes one example of a green-glazed mouth-piece, a 19th-century innovation, probably introduced for both decorative reasons and as a preventative measure against mouth cancer, also noted among pipes recovered from Monk Street above; Beckey , ; Price et al. Only one bowl of this type was recovered, a very thick-walled bowl fragment with fractured spur and raised fluting decoration, from Context see Jarrett , , fig.
Four bowls of this type were recovered, including one unstratified upright bowl, with the initials 'SR' either side of a stubby spur heel. Richards was the son of Samuel Richards I, a Bristol pipemaker who had moved to Woolwich in the late 18th century Price , He became one of the most prominent Bristol makers, exporting pipes to Ireland between and Price , His St Thomas Street factory closed in Price , The remaining bowls of this type, all from Context , include three with stylised foliage decoration on the seam and rosettes on the heel, and one moulded in the form of an acorn Jackson and Price , , Eight bowls of this type were recovered, one unstratified and seven from Context above.
The bowls are decorated, either with a decorative ribbed flange, or with basket-work decoration, similar to those illustrated by Jackson and Price under 'various 19th century pipes made in Bristol which often turn up in excavations' Jackson and Price , One unstratified bowl of this 'Irish' type was recovered during the excavation, a tall, upright bowl with long spur heel.
A second bowl fragment, possibly of this type, was also recovered from Context Many of the pipe fragments were recovered from dump deposits or levelling layers, which may well have been imported onto the site either immediately prior to the early 18th-century first phase of development of the area or during later construction work. The stratigraphically earliest of these dump layers, present over much of the site and recorded variously as Contexts , and , also yielded one of the earliest pipe bowls, a product of Philip Edwards I or II fl.
It should be noted that no further physical evidence for pipe manufacture, in terms of kiln furniture, muffles, saggars etc. With the exception of the above deposit, the pipe evidence would thus suggest that activity on the site, in terms of the importation of levelling deposits and the creation of many of the cut features, commenced during the period between and , and was uniformly present over the site as a whole.
The very small number of pipe bowls of preth century date were either unstratified, or were residual finds within later contexts. The assemblage seems to be fairly typical of clay tobacco pipe assemblages from central Bristol, in terms of both dating and makers identified. Of the named makers whose pipes occur within the present assemblage, most are commonly known from sites within the central Bristol area above.
Previous archaeological investigations on Wade Street itself at no. The only pipemaker whose products were recovered during the present excavation and whose work is not represented in the archaeological record is William Spencer the possible maker of the 'WS' pipe from cellar fill, Context From documentary records, it appears that Spencer was only working in Bristol for a total of two years, between and above , so his absence from the archaeological record is, perhaps, not surprising. The discrete deposit of 19th-century fragments, possible waste material from the kilns of the White or Wilkey families, should be viewed in the light of other 19th-century dumped deposits in the vicinity Group 1 and Group 2; Beckey , above.
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Thames Discovery Programme - Clay Pipes from London
Except where otherwise noted, content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3. Internet Archaeology content is preserved for the long term with the Archaeology Data Service. This proved to be unpopular with the people and so tobacco was then imported with tax applied.
In other parts of Europe people were put to death for smoking, and yet during times of plague men, women and children were forced to smoke as it was thought to be a cure. The habit spread quickly across the country and by the mid 17th Century the manufacture of clay pipes was a well established trade. By , when the industry reached a peak, almost every town and city in England had pipe makers. Millions were being produced not only for local use but also for export. The size of the pipe bowl was increased over the decades to keep up with fashion and to allow more tobacco to be consumed.
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Long pipes allowed a cooler smoke, but also broke more easily and so they were often thrown away on the spot after use. Around a huge industrial decline took place due to conflict within Europe and America.
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Friday 6th July Last updated: Friday 6th July Spatial data recorded. Awaiting validation A fragment of post-medieval clay pipe dating to and consisting of part of the stem only. David Higgins comments, '[This is a] stem fragment with the abraded remains of an incuse stem stamp across the stem, which would have had an 'I' followed by a small 'O' over an 'N' and then 'EDMO' and 'NDS' on the next two lines.
The Art and Archaeology of Clay Pipes
This is the mark of John Edmonds of Portsmouth, who is recorded working from The Oswald mark in… Created on: Tuesday 1st May Last updated: Monday 14th May No spatial data available. The breaks are old. The casting seam is clearly visible on opposing sides of the stem, to top and bottom.
To one side of the stem is the stamped inscription F. To the opposite side is [ The fragment measures Monday 14th May Spatial data recorded. Greater London Authority Workflow stage: Awaiting validation An incomplete post medieval ceramic tobacco pipe dating AD This tobacco pipe has a small, rounded bowl, which has an internal diameter of The bowl is set at an oblique angle to the stem and there is a milled design running around the rim.
There is part of a spur heel at the junction between the bowl and the stem. None of the stem is present as it is broken near the bowl.
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Friday 2nd March Last updated: Wednesday 25th April Spatial data recorded. Awaiting validation An incomplete moulded clay pipe of late post-medieval late 18thth century date. The pipe has a rounded bowl which has suffered some damage, and a short length of the pipe stem remaining. The pipe bowl is decorated with projecting stipples of clay and a rouletting around the rim - there is no maker's mark or other decoration. This pipe may have been of they type which has a very long, and therefore brittle stem, popular in the 19th century. Thursday 1st March Last updated: Thursday 1st March Spatial data recorded.
Awaiting validation In incomplete clay pipe. A clay pipe bowl with a flat heel. The rim is knurled. A Bristol and Wiltshire type. Thursday 22nd February Last updated: Thursday 22nd February Spatial data recorded. Friday 16th February Last updated: Friday 23rd February Spatial data recorded. Awaiting validation A group of three clay tobacco pipes fragments dating to the 17th century. A Bristol and Wiltshire type dating to c. George Butt was a maker in Shaftesbury. The incuse mark on the heel is the initial TS in a heart shaped frame. This is possibly fo… Created on: Wednesday 24th January Last updated: Wednesday 24th January Spatial data recorded.
Awaiting validation An incomplete clay tobacco pipe.