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- A New Era of Courtship | Dix | Interpersona: An International Journal on Personal Relationships
Female and male participants were then assigned a random dating number based on their time of arrival. The fourth procedure for this study involved taking digital photographs of study participants and confederates. A Polaroid digital camera was used to take full body pictures of participants from a distance of three feet away.
It was approximately ten minutes before speed-dating began that the photographs of the female confederates and other female participants were uploaded to a large computer monitor in the male waiting room area. Likewise, the photographs of the male confederates and the male participants were uploaded to a large computer monitor in the female waiting area. It is noteworthy to mention here that the female and male confederates engaged in the exact same process e. This precaution was taken as a means to ensure that study participants would not become cognizant of the presence of study confederates.
The fifth procedure for this study had participants evaluate their pre-test perceptions of opposite sex confederates and participants. This was the pre-test administration for this study. Large computer monitors were separately used in each room to separately unveil the photographs of opposite sex confederates and participants.
Each photograph was individually displayed on the computer monitor one at a time. It was once the individual photograph was displayed in full view that participants were instructed to indicate their attractiveness perceptions of the opposite sex person in the photograph. Participants were told to examine the photograph after completing each item on their physical attractiveness scale.
The photographs of the male and female confederates were always included in the unveiled mix in a random order. The other photograph assessments besides those of the confederates were merely distracters. The sixth procedure for this study involved facilitating the speed-dating interactions. Each individual speed-date lasted for a period of three minutes. It was during the actual three minute speed-dates that study confederates executed the manipulation.
It was after each three minute speed-dating interval that the lights in the room were dimmed and the male participants were verbally instructed to rotate to their next individual female speed-date. This process continued until all of the male and female participants had a chance to socially interact with the study confederates. The males were then escorted into a separate room away from the females when speed-dating was completed.
The seventh procedure for this study had participants evaluate their post-test perceptions of opposite sex confederates and participants. This was the post-test administration for this study. The same large computer monitors were separately used in each room to separately unveil the photographs of opposite sex confederates and participants.
Each photograph was once again individually displayed on the computer monitor one at a time. It was once the individual photograph was displayed in full view that participants were again instructed to indicate their perceptions of the opposite sex person in the photograph.
Participants were again told to examine the photograph after completing each individual item on their physical attractiveness scale. The photographs of the male and female confederates were again included in the unveiled mix in a random order. The other assessments besides those of the confederates were merely distracters.
It was after the post-test assessment that participants were debriefed about the study and subsequently dismissed. The eighth procedure of this study was a power analysis.
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The power to detect main effects and interactions was 0. Thus, a satisfactory level of participants were utilized. The final procedure that should be noted in this study was a manipulation check. A group of 22 independent observers unobtrusively viewed the confederates enacting both the positive communication condition and the negative communication condition.
The mean for the negative condition items was 1. This finding provided evidence that the manipulation check was observed and successful. The first hypothesis for this study proposed that participants who were exposed to a single positive communication would evaluate the physical attractiveness of a dating partner differently than participants who were exposed to a single negative communication.
A 2 x 2 x 2 mixed factorial ANOVA was completed on hypothesis one in which participant gender female or male and communication condition positive or negative were entered as the between subjects factors while administration pre-test or post-test was entered as the within subjects factor. Hypothesis one was supported. Figure 1 further breaks down the findings for this hypothesis.
Interaction plot for communication condition and administration on perceptions of physical attractiveness. Hypothesis two proposed that participants would rate the physical attractiveness of a dating partner significantly higher after positive communication occurred during a single social interaction. The mean pre-test rating of the physical attractiveness of study confederates before positive communication occurred was 4.
Despite the fact that a difference was found to exist, the observed increase from pre-test to post-test was not strong enough to be considered statistically significant. That is, three minutes of positive communication are not enough to make another individual appear more physically attractive. Hypothesis three proposed that participants would rate the physical attractiveness of a dating partner significantly lower after negative communication occurred during a single social interaction.
Initial perceptions concerning the physical attractiveness of study confederates before negative communication were a mean of 5.
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As alluded to previously, this decrease from pre-test to post-test was statistically significant. Put simply, three minutes of negative interpersonal communication can actually make another person appear less physically attractive. The research question for this study asked: Moreover, an auxiliary examination of gender was deemed appropriate by the principal investigator based on the informal but varying verbal comments of male and female participants post speed-dating.
Thus, these extra analyses helped flush out additional data from this investigation. The first follow-up test analyzed male perceptions of the physical attractiveness of a female dating partner after positive communication ensued during a single social interaction. The results of a paired-samples t test indicated that the mean physical attractiveness rating for a female dater before three minutes of positive interpersonal communication was 4. Non-statistically speaking, three minutes of positive communication during a single social interaction leads men to experience more physical attraction for a female dater.
The second follow-up analysis focused on female perceptions of the physical attractiveness of a male dating partner after positive communication ensued during a single social interaction. The paired-samples t test that was calculated for this analysis indicated that pre-test perceptions of the physical attractiveness of a male dater yielded a mean of 4.
Put another way, three minutes of positive interpersonal communication will not result in women perceiving a male dater as more attractive physically. The third follow-up analysis examined male perceptions of the physical attractiveness of a female dating partner after negative communication ensued during a single social interaction. The paired-samples t test that was calculated for this item demonstrated that pre-test perceptions of the physical attractiveness of a female dater were 4.
Therefore, it can be said that men experience less physical attraction for a female dater who engages in negative interpersonal communication during a single social interaction. The final follow-up analysis looked at female perceptions of the physical attractiveness of a male dating partner after negative communication ensued during a single social interaction. A paired-samples t test revealed that initial perceptions of the physical attractiveness of a male dater were 5. In other words, females do not experience less physical attraction for a male dater who engages in negative communication during a single social interaction.
In summary, one of the more intriguing findings that emerged from the proposed research question was that three minutes of positive communication by females resulted in men seeing them as more attractive physically. The main focus of this study was to analyze the effects of a single interpersonal communication event. Support was found for the majority of the proposed hypotheses. Some gender differences were observed in this social experiment. The findings from this investigation offered both theoretical and practical implications.
Moreover, the present research yielded several interesting points of discussion. This first hypothesis for this study discovered an interaction whereby three minutes of positive communication resulted in participants increasing their ratings of the physical attractiveness of a dating partner from pre-test to post-test while three minutes of negative communication resulted in participants significantly decreasing their ratings of the physical attractiveness of a dating partner from pre-test to post-test.
A close examination of this two-way interaction revealed that the decrease in physical attraction in the negative condition was more pronounced than the negligible increase in physical attraction in the positive condition.
This finding was consistent with previous literature by Baumeister, Bratslavsky, Finkenauer, and Vohs who reported in their classic investigation of interpersonal relationships that: While it may not be surprising that a single negative social interaction leads individuals to evaluate others less favorably, it is at least moderately surprising to see that only three minutes of negative communication would induce such a strong perceptual shift on the physical attractiveness dependent variable.
There are a couple of possible explanations as to why support emerged from this study in relation to the aforementioned work of Baumeister and colleagues. First, it appears that when negative communication is directed to someone within an interpersonal context which by nature is very personal that individuals spitefully look for a way to take a fellow dyadic partner down a level.
Put differently, individuals look for ways to adversely evaluate persons who execute negative communication behaviors.
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Second, unflattering evaluations of individuals who engage in negative communication might occur because of a desire to gain passive retribution or it is possible that unflattering evaluations of another person transpire because individuals are vehemently opposed to negative communicative behaviors.
It is also conceivable that anger induces an unfavorable characterization of a person who engages in negative communication. Either way, this phenomenon was especially prevalent in the minds of male participants in comparison to the minds of female participants. Study findings demonstrated that the post-test evaluations of males decreased at a much larger rate and to a much lower level relative to their female speed-dating counterparts.
Thus, it can be argued that negative communication during a single social interaction in a dating environment has a more detrimental effect on men than women. All things considered, the findings from this hypothesis support the empirical notion that the bad stands out more than the good. The second hypothesis for this study proposed that a single positive communication would result in participants seeing a dating partner as more physically attractive.
The fact that overall perceptions of physical attractiveness did not significantly increase after a single positive interpersonal communication event suggests that in most communicative scenarios it takes time to augment a physical attraction with a fellow dater.
A New Era of Courtship | Dix | Interpersona: An International Journal on Personal Relationships
Indeed, there are some casual dating circumstances in which a strong physical attraction is experienced at the onset of initial positive communication either because one or both of the daters are highly physically attractive. However, in casual dating scenarios that involve persons who are not extraordinarily attractive by the standards of society it appears that sustained positive conversations must continue into the foreseeable future in order for perceptions of attractiveness to increase.
Daters who are desirous of being perceived as more physically attractive in the eyes of a potential suitor must put forth more effort than three minutes of positive communication.