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Campbell was also the subject of criticism after he was arrested for driving under the influence during a vacation in Hawaii. However, Campbell still managed to lead his party to victory in the general election, against a substantially strengthened NDP opposition. Campbell won a third term in the provincial election , marking the first time in 23 years a premier has been elected to a third term. The province won a bid to host the Winter Olympics in Vancouver and Whistler.
As promised in his re-election campaign, Vancouver Mayor Larry Campbell staged a non-binding civic referendum regarding the hosting of the Olympics. In February , Vancouver's residents voted in a referendum accepting the responsibilities of the host city should it win its bid.
Sixty-four percent of residents voted in favour of hosting the games.
After the Olympic joy had faded, Campbell's popularity started to fall. His management style, the implementation of the Harmonized Sales Tax HST against election promises and the cancelling of the BC Rail corruption trial lead to low approval ratings and loss of caucus support. He would resign in November and call on the party to elect a new leader. Though she was not a sitting MLA, she went on to win the seat left vacant by Campbell and form a government. For the next two years, she attempted to distance herself from the unpopularity of Campbell and forge an image for the upcoming election.
Among her early accomplishments were raising the minimum wage, creating the new holiday of Family Day, and pushing the development of BC's liquified natural gas. In the election, the Liberals lagged behind the NDP with a double-digit gap in the polls, but were able to come to a surprise victory on election night with a majority, making Clark the first elected female premier in BC history.
Her government would go on to balance the budget, implement changes to liquor laws and continue with the question of the proposed Enbridge Northern Gateway Pipelines. He is the province's first NDP premier in 16 years. British Columbia has also been significantly affected by demographic changes within Canada and around the world. Vancouver and to a lesser extent some other parts of British Columbia was a major destination for many of the immigrants from Hong Kong who left the former UK colony either temporarily or permanently in the years immediately prior to its handover to the People's Republic of China.
British Columbia has also been a significant destination for internal Canadian migrants. This has been the case throughout recent decades, because of its image of natural beauty, mild climate and relaxed lifestyle, but is particularly true during periods of economic growth. These two metropolitan regions have traditionally dominated the demographics of BC. The net number of people coming to BC from other provinces has grown almost four times larger since BC was the largest net recipient of interprovincial migrants in Canada in the first quarter of with half of the 5, people coming from Alberta.
All items are self-identified. The largest denominations by number of adherents according to the census were none atheist, agnostic, and so on. Of the 4,, population counted by the census, 4,, people completed the section about language. Of these 4,, gave singular responses to the question regarding mother tongue.
The languages most commonly reported were the following:. Numerous other languages were also counted, but only languages with more than 2, native speakers are shown. Figures shown are for the number of single language responses and the percentage of total single-language responses.
The metropolitan area has seventeen Indian reserves , but they are outside of the regional district's jurisdiction and are not represented in its government.
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The metropolitan area also includes several Indian reserves the governments of which are not part of the regional district. Almost half of the Vancouver Island population is in Greater Victoria. BC's economy is diverse, with service-producing industries accounting for the largest portion of the province's GDP.
Its climate encourages outdoor recreation and tourism , though its economic mainstay has long been resource extraction , principally logging, farming, and mining. Vancouver, the province's largest city, serves as the headquarters of many western-based natural resource companies.
It also benefits from a strong housing market and a per capita income well above the national average. While the coast of British Columbia and some valleys in the south-central part of the province have mild weather, the majority of its land mass experiences a cold-winter-temperate climate similar to the rest of Canada. The Northern Interior region has a subarctic climate with very cold winters. The climate of Vancouver is by far the mildest winter climate of the major Canadian cities, with nighttime January temperatures averaging above the freezing point.
Many areas outside of metropolitan areas, however, are still heavily reliant on resource extraction. The economic history of British Columbia is replete with tales of dramatic upswings and downswings , and this boom and bust pattern has influenced the politics, culture and business climate of the province. Economic activity related to mining in particular has widely fluctuated with changes in commodity prices over time, with documented costs to community health.
During the absence of the Lieutenant-Governor , the Governor General in Council may appoint an administrator to execute the duties of the office. In practice, this is usually the Chief Justice of British Columbia. British Columbia has an member elected Legislative Assembly, elected by the plurality voting system , though in recent years there has been significant debate about switching to a single transferable vote system. The government of the day appoints ministers for various portfolios, what are officially part of the Executive Council of British Columbia cabinet , of whom the premier is chair.
No party met the minimum of 44 seats for a majority, therefore leading to the first minority government since Following the election, the Greens entered into negotiations with both the Liberals and NDP, eventually announcing they would support the current NDP minority. Previously, the right-of-centre British Columbia Liberal Party governed the province for sixteen years between and , and won the largest landslide election in British Columbia history in , with 77 of 79 seats.
The legislature became more evenly divided, however, between the Liberals and NDP following the 46 Liberal seats of 79 and 49 Liberal seats of 85 provincial elections. The NDP and its predecessor the CCF have been the main opposition force to right-wing parties since the s and have ruled with majority governments in — and — The Green Party plays a larger role in the politics of British Columbia than Green parties do in most other jurisdictions in Canada. After a breakthrough election in Instead, the BC Liberal party is a rather diverse coalition, made up of the remnants of the Social Credit Party, many federal Liberals , federal Conservatives, and those who would otherwise support right-of-centre or free enterprise parties.
Historically, there have commonly been third parties present in the legislature including the Liberals themselves from to ; the BC Green Party are the current third party in British Columbia, with three seats in the legislature. While sharing some ideology with the current Liberal government, they were more right-wing although undertook nationalization of various important monopolies, notably BC Hydro and BC Ferries. British Columbia is known for having politically active labour unions who have traditionally supported the NDP or its predecessor, the CCF.
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British Columbia's political history is typified by scandal and a cast of colourful characters, beginning with various colonial-era land scandals and abuses of power by early officials such as those that led to McGowan's War in — A variety of scandals plagued the Liberal government, including Premier Gordon Campbell's arrest for drunk driving in Maui and the resignation of various cabinet ministers because of conflict-of-interest allegations.
A Christmas Eve [ which? The case, currently in preliminary hearings in the courts and relating to the sale of BC Rail to CN Rail, may not reach trial because of the mass of evidence and various procedural problems. British Columbia is underrepresented in the Senate of Canada , leading Premier Christy Clark to refuse to cooperate with the federal government's new reforms for senate appointments to be made based on the recommendations of a new advisory board that would use non-partisan criteria.
Hours after that plan was unveiled in Ottawa on December 3, , Clark issued a statement that it did "not address what's been wrong with the Senate since the beginning". The imbalance in representation in that House is apparent when considering population size. The six senators from BC constitute only one for every , people vs. The government of British Columbia has designated several official symbols: The flag of British Columbia is not protected and is in the public domain.
British Columbia was the second Canadian jurisdiction after Ontario to legalize same-sex marriage. Housing affordability is of concern to British Columbians. In April the government of British Columbia declared a public health emergency due to overdoses on the illicit opioid Fentanyl. Transportation played a huge role in British Columbia's history. The Rocky Mountains and the ranges west of them constituted a significant obstacle to overland travel until the completion of the transcontinental railway in The Peace River Canyon through the Rocky Mountains was the route the earliest explorers and fur traders used.
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Fur trade routes were only marginally used for access to British Columbia through the mountains. Travel from the rest of Canada before meant the difficulty of overland travel via the United States, around Cape Horn or overseas from Asia. Nearly all travel and freight to and from the region occurred via the Pacific Ocean, primarily through the ports of Victoria and New Westminster. Until the s, rail was the only means of overland travel to and from the rest of Canada; travellers using motor vehicles needed to journey through the United States.
With the construction of the Inter-Provincial Highway in now known as the Crowsnest Pass Highway , and later the Trans-Canada Highway , road transportation evolved into the preferred mode of overland travel to and from the rest of the country. Because of its size and rugged, varying topography, British Columbia requires thousands of kilometres of provincial highways to connect its communities.
British Columbia's roads systems were notoriously poorly maintained and dangerous until a concentrated programme of improvement was initiated in the s and s. Much of the rest of the province, where traffic volumes are generally low, is accessible by well-maintained generally high-mobility two-lane arterial highways with additional passing lanes in mountainous areas and usually only a few stop-controlled intersections outside the main urban areas.
A couple of busy intercity corridors outside Greater Vancouver feature more heavily signalized limited-mobility arterial highways that are mostly four-lane and often divided by portable median traffic barriers. Numerous traffic lights operate in place of interchanges on both arterials as long-term cost-cutting measures. Signalization along both these highways is heaviest through urban areas and along inter-urban sections where traffic volumes are similar to and sometimes higher than the freeways, but where funding is not available for upgrades to interchanges or construction of high-mobility alternative routes or bypasses.
The building and maintenance of provincial highways is the responsibility of the British Columbia Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure. There are only five major routes to the rest of Canada. From south to north they are: There are also several highway crossings to the adjoining American states of Washington, Idaho, and Montana.
Prior to , surface public transit was administered by BC Hydro, the provincially owned electricity utility. Subsequently, the province established BC Transit to oversee and operate all municipal transportation systems.
BC Transit has recently expanded to provide intercity routes, [94] particularly in the Northern region of British Columbia. Other intercity routes were introduced connecting southern communities in preparation of the cancellation of Greyhound Canada 's pullout from Western Canada, [95] though options for intercity bus travel are still extremely limited.
Public transit in British Columbia consists mainly of diesel buses, although Vancouver is also serviced by a fleet of trolleybuses. Several experimental buses are being tested such as hybrid buses that have both gasoline and electric engines. In , the Canada Line SkyTrain was completed, linking Vancouver International Airport and the city of Richmond to downtown Vancouver bringing the total to three operating metro lines.
Turnstiles have been added to all existing stations in the system. In the past, SkyTrain used a proof of payment honour system.