As a general rule, however, Portland cement should not be used for the repair or repointing of older buildings built in lime mortar, which require the flexibility, softness and breathability of lime if they are to function correctly. In the United States and other countries, five standard types of mortar available as dry pre-mixed products are generally used for both new construction and repair.
Strengths of mortar change based on the ratio of cement, lime, and sand used in mortar. The ingredients and the mix ratio for each type of mortars are specified under the ASTM standards. Type M mortar is the strongest, and Type K the weakest. Polymer cement mortars PCM are the materials which are made by partially replacing the cement hydrate binders of conventional cement mortar with polymers.
The polymeric admixtures include latexes or emulsions , redispersible polymer powders, water-soluble polymers, liquid thermoset resins and monomers. It has low permeability, and it reduces the incidence of drying shrinkage cracking, mainly designed for repairing concrete structures. The setting speed can be increased by using impure limestone in the kiln , to form a hydraulic lime that will set on contact with water.
Such a lime must be stored as a dry powder. Alternatively, a pozzolanic material such as calcined clay or brick dust may be added to the mortar mix. Addition of a pozzolanic material will make the mortar set reasonably quickly by reaction with the water.
Mortar (masonry) - Wikipedia
It would be problematic to use Portland cement mortars to repair older buildings originally constructed using lime mortar. Lime mortar is softer than cement mortar, allowing brickwork a certain degree of flexibility to adapt to shifting ground or other changing conditions. Cement mortar is harder and allows little flexibility.
The contrast can cause brickwork to crack where the two mortars are present in a single wall. Lime mortar is considered breathable in that it will allow moisture to freely move through and evaporate from the surface. In old buildings with walls that shift over time, cracks can be found which allow rain water into the structure.
The lime mortar allows this moisture to escape through evaporation and keeps the wall dry. Pozzolana is a fine, sandy volcanic ash.
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It was originally discovered and dug at Pozzuoli , nearby Mount Vesuvius in Italy, and was subsequently mined at other sites, too. The Romans learned that pozzolana added to lime mortar allowed the lime to set relatively quickly and even under water.
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Vitruvius , the Roman architect, spoke of four types of pozzolana. It is found in all the volcanic areas of Italy in various colours: Finely ground and mixed with lime it is a hydraulic cement, like Portland cement, and makes a strong mortar that will also set under water.
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Firestop mortars are mortars most typically used to firestop large openings in walls and floors required to have a fire-resistance rating. They are passive fire protection items. Firestop mortars differ in formula and properties from most other cementitious substances [ citation needed ] and cannot be substituted with generic mortars without violating the listing and approval use and compliance.
Firestop mortar is usually a combination of powder mixed with water, forming a cementatious stone which dries hard.
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It is sometimes mixed with lightweight aggregates, such as perlite or vermiculite [ citation needed ]. It is sometimes pigmented to distinguish it from generic materials [ citation needed ] in an effort to prevent unlawful substitution and to enable verification of the certification listing. The clear Scottish accent on the phone call is something of a nod to that. The brewer has previously poked fun at the tech world with the "AyeWatch" , which featured in an online cartoon series. The app is only available on both Android and iOS, so for the moment, anyone sporting a Windows Phone or BlackBerry will have to break up with someone the old fashioned way: Accessibility links Skip to article Skip to navigation.
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