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Research shows that teenage girls tend to have their first sexual experience with male partners who are three or more years older. But do these dangers warrant laws that put young people in prison? Romeo and Juliet Make a Comeback Statutory rape is defined by the FBI as non-forcible sexual intercourse with a person who is younger than the statutory age of consent.
The statutory rape laws vary greatly from state to state, with more than half of the states setting the legal age of consent at 16 other states range from 14 to For the most part, there is no single age at which a person can consent to sexual activity. Only 12 states set a specific age ranging from 16 to 18 , while in the majority of states, the age of consent depends on multiple factors, including the ages of each partner and the number of years between them.
The purpose behind most statutory rape laws is to punish grown adults who take sexual advantage of a minor. The following are just a few examples of Romeo and Juliet laws currently in place in the United States:. Exceptions and Other Considerations In addition to Romeo and Juliet laws, some states have specific exemptions when both parties to the sexual act are minors, or the person to be charged is legally married to the minor. However, there are still restrictions in some states about the type of sexual activity that is permissible, such as oral sex and sodomy, as well as restrictions on relationships involving a minor and a person of authority, including teachers, coaches, or tutors.
My Son Is Dating a Minor | CRC Health Group
All states have special provisions if any physical force was used or serious physical injury resulted. Until recently, statutory rape laws applied only to females, ignoring situations involving sex between an adult female and underage male. Today, most laws are gender neutral, and a number of women in authority positions such as Mary Kay Letourneau, Debra Lafave, Pamela Rogers Turner, and Pamela Smart have been prosecuted for engaging in sexual relationships with younger males. Does the Punishment Fit the Crime?
While many states have strict statutory rape laws on the books, prosecutors have been inconsistent in enforcing them, says Mark Chaffin, a researcher with the National Center on the Sexual Behavior of Youth. One particularly shocking case drew international attention when year-old Georgia resident, Genarlow Wilson, was charged with aggravated child molestation and sentenced to 10 years in prison for having consensual oral sex with a year-old girl.
Georgia law, which has since been changed to classify this act as a misdemeanor carrying a maximum penalty of one year in prison, also required Wilson to register as a sex offender when he was released. Are Statutory Rape Laws Outdated? Statutory rape laws are based on the premise that although young girls may want to have sex, they may not have enough experience or discernment to make a mature, informed decision.
The laws are designed to protect young people who have less information and power than their and-over counterparts. For example, minors may be less likely than adults to understand sexually transmitted diseases, have access to contraception, and have the resources to raise a child if they become pregnant. Most people believe there is a clear line between young people wanting to date and have sex, and adults molesting or assaulting a child. And most would agree that the difference between intimacy and abuse should be reflected in the laws of each state.
But not all parties agree on how strict the laws should be. Arizona Revised Statute A. Under 18, the younger must not be less than 14, or if so, there is a defense if the minor is not more 4 years younger if 12 or above, not more 3 years younger if under Sexual intercourse of a major and a minor under 14 is a rape. Arkansas Code — Title 5. Criminal Offenses — Chapter In California, there is a crime of "Unlawful sexual intercourse", which is an act of sexual intercourse with a person under the age of 18 who is not the spouse of the person.
So if a year-old willingly has sex with a year old, both have committed a crime, although it is only a misdemeanor. The punishment is varied, depending on the ages of the perpetrator and the victim, and there are more severe penalties if there is a wider gap between the age of the perpetrator and the age of the victim: There are also civil sanctions possible for a violation stated above. There are separate crimes for committing sodomy with minors. There are separate crimes for committing any lewd or lascivious act with a person under the age of The age of consent, at the time applying only when the girl is the younger party, was 10 when California introduced its penal code in In the age of consent was raised to In the age of consent became The age of consent in California has been 18 since Some media sources reported that the age of consent in California in the s was 14 or 16 but in fact it was and has been In the s Governor of California Pete Wilson stated that there was a trend of men in their mid-to-late 20s having sex with and impregnating teenage girls around 14 years of age and that the statutory rape laws needed to be enforced to prevent this.
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In Kristin Olsen , a Republican member of the State Assembly of California , sponsored a bill that criminalizes sexual relations between K teachers and students, including students over 18, as well as sexual text messages and other communications aimed at seducing a student. The bill was proposed after a year-old teacher and year-old high school student publicly announced that they were in a relationship. By there had been civil court rulings in California stating that minors under 18 may consent to sexual activity, even though the age of consent is 18 under state criminal law.
The age of consent in Colorado is 17; however, there exists in the legislation close-in-age exceptions , which allow those aged 15 and 16 to engage in acts with those less than ten years older and those less than 15 to engage in acts with those less than four years older. A year-old may not, however, consent to sex with a person who is in a position of trust with respect to the person under the age of eighteen.
Notwithstanding the age of consent, however, for purposes of child prostitution offenses in Colorado, a "child" means a person under the age of eighteen years. Reasonable mistake of age, or similarity in age, is not a defense to these offenses. All child prostitution offenses are class three felonies class one felonies are capital offenses, class two felonies include second degree murder. So, while it is not a crime for a year-old to have non-commercial sex with a year-old in Colorado, it is a serious crime punishable by four to twelve years in prison for an 18 year old to engage in any sexual act, or to present at a "place of prostitution" with an intent do so, for money or any other thing of value with a seventeen-year-old with the reasonable belief that the minor was under eighteen years old.
What Is the Age of Consent for Sex in New York?
The same conduct, entered into with an eighteen-year-old and without a belief that the prostitute was under eighteen years of age, would be a misdemeanor. Those under the age of eighteen are also children for the crime of inducing or coercing someone to have sex or to have sexual conduct with another for the voyeur's gratification, or to expose themselves to another for the voyeur's sexual gratification, C. There is a marriage exception to both Colorado's statutory rape law, C.
However, while Colorado law does recognize common law marriages entered into when both spouses are eighteen years of age or older, it does not recognize common law marriages entered into in Colorado or elsewhere after September 1, , when one spouse is under eighteen years of age. The general age of consent in Connecticut is This applies in most relationships.
Connecticut recognizes that minors who are at least 13 can consent to sexual activity if and only if there is less than a 3-year age difference. However consensual, sexual intercourse within the 3-year age difference by a minor 13 through 17 years old may , upon a complaint, lead the Connecticut Superior Court to a "family with service needs" finding. Such a finding would allow the Court to issue orders as it finds necessary in dealing with the matter.
Consensual sexual intercourse over the 3-year age difference where the minor is 13 to 15 years old would subject the older party to a charge of Sexual Assault, 2nd Degree, in violation of C. Any juvenile offender 14 years old or older has the case automatically transferred to the regular criminal docket of the Superior Court by operation of law, and thus stands before the court to be tried as an adult. A guilty verdict would result in conviction of a Class B felony sex offense , with a mandatory minimum of 9 months and maximum 20 years imprisonment.
It would not matter if the older person did not know of the age difference, or if the younger person lied about age. However, if the offender is 17 years old or younger, has a clean record, and such sexual activity was consensual, Youthful Offender status a pre-trial diversionary program that seals the court record and results in a dismissal of charges may be granted. Previously the Connecticut age gap was two years, not three. By there had been a proposal to increase the gap to four years to reduce the number of close-in-age statutory rape cases being prosecuted, but three years was selected as a compromise.
Connecticut also recognizes that minors under 13 are released from criminal liability as to consensual sexual activity if and only if there is less than a 2-year age difference.
New York Age of Consent Lawyers
Consensual between minors sexual intercourse over the 2-year age difference where the minor is under 13 years old would subject the older minor to a charge of Sexual Assault, 1st Degree, in violation of C. A guilty verdict would result in conviction of a Class A felony sex offense , with a mandatory minimum of 5—10 years and maximum 25 years imprisonment. However, the offender would have the same chance to apply for Youthful Offender status see Sexual Assault, 2nd Degree above provided the criteria are met. A juvenile offender 13 years old and younger would be charged as a "serious juvenile offender" under C.
Because the charge is a sex offense, the juvenile prosecutor can request that the proceeding designated a "serious sexual offender prosecution". Unless the juvenile waives the right to a trial by jury , the case proceeds to the regular criminal docket of the Superior Court, where the juvenile must face trial as an adult. If the juvenile agrees to the waiver, the case will proceed through the juvenile system with a bench trial. The age of consent in Delaware is 18, but it is legal for teenagers aged 16 and 17 to engage in sexual intercourse as long as the older partner is younger than Definitions generally applicable to sexual offences.
Children who have not yet reached their twelfth birthday are deemed unable to consent to a sexual act under any circumstances. Rape in the fourth degree; class C felony. The age of consent in Florida is 18, [38] but close-in-age exemptions exist. By law, the exception permits a person 23 years of age or younger to engage in legal sexual activity with a minor aged 16 or As used in this section, "sexual activity" means oral, anal, or vaginal penetration by, or union with, the sexual organ of another; however, sexual activity does not include an act done for a bona fide medical purpose Florida code, Title XLVI, Chapter A new law passed in stated that people convicted of statutory rape may be removed from the sex offender list if they were no more than four years older than their victims, had only the statutory rape offense on their records, and had victims aged 14— The age of consent in Georgia is 16 and there is no close-in-age exception , though the offenses are a misdemeanor rather than a felony in cases where the perpetrator is less than 19 years of age and is no more than 4 years older than the victim.
The crime of " statutory rape " makes it illegal for a perpetrator of any age to have sexual intercourse with someone under the age of 16 that they are not married to. This offense carries a minimum sentence of 1 year in prison, and a maximum of 20 years. If the offender is 21 years of age or older, the minimum is raised to 10 years in prison, and the offender is subject to sex offender sentencing guidelines. The crime " child molestation " makes it illegal for anyone to engage in "any immoral or indecent act to or in the presence of or with any child under the age of 16 years with the intent to arouse or satisfy the sexual desires of either the child or the person", as well as electronically transmit any depiction of such an act.
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For repeat offenders, the minimum 10 years and the maximum is life imprisonment. This crime has the same close-in-age exception as statutory rape stated above if the victim is 14 or 15 years old and the actor is 18 or younger and within 4 years of age. A third applicable crime is " aggravated child molestation ", which is any act of the previously mentioned child molestation that causes injuries to the victim, or involves an act of "sodomy" defined under state law as any act of oral sex or anal sex.
However, if the victim is 13, 14 or 15 years old, the actor is 18 or younger and within 4 years of age, and the act committed was "sodomy" and did not cause injury, the crime is reduced to a misdemeanor. This exception was added after a landmark case, Wilson v. State of Georgia occurred in and caused lawmakers to think the statute should have a close-in-age exception.
At the time because of the words of the law, a year-old boy was sentenced to 10 years in prison for having consensual oral sex with a year-old girl. Georgia was notoriously resistant to raising its age of consent in the Progressive Era. In , the Georgia Supreme Court reversed the conviction of a man convicted of raping a year-old girl because the age of consent in Georgia was 10 at the time.
Nonetheless, the Court recommended raising the Georgia age of consent, saying "the age of consent in many States is higher than in this State, and should be made higher here; and a committee of ladies" is petitioning to do that. As it turned out, Georgia's age of consent would remain at 10 until , and even then it was only raised to The age of consent in Hawaii is There is however a close-in-age exemption, which allows those aged 14 and 15 to consent to sex with those less than five years older.
Previously the age of consent was 14, the lowest in the United States. Avery Chumbley , a member of the Hawaiian Senate , had made efforts to raise the age of consent. The age of consent in Illinois is 17, and rises to 18 with someone who has a position of authority or trust over the victim. There is no close-in-age exception, crossing the age boundary is Criminal Sexual Assault. Any sexual contact between minors the age of 9 and 16 is Criminal sexual abuse. Although Illinois' minimum marriage age with parental consent or court order is 16, [62] there is no statutory exception to the age of sexual consent.
Bill was introduced in to decriminalize sexual relationships between children 13—16 years old and those fewer than five years older, but the bill failed to pass.
In a bill was proposed that would allow people who violated the age of consent laws and were close in age with their victims to petition a judge to be removed from the sex offender registry. Republican state representative Dennis Reboletti of Elmhurst stated that he did not believe judges should be able to reverse decisions made by prosecutors. The age of consent in Indiana is The law allows the actor a defense to prosecution if the victim is currently or was previously married the absolute minimum marriageable age in Indiana is 15 , although this defense does not apply in the case of violence, threats or drugs.